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The femoral artery ((ラテン語:arteria femoralis)) is a large artery in the thigh and the main arterial supply to the lower limb. It enters the thigh from behind the inguinal ligament as the common femoral artery, a continuation of the external iliac artery. Here, it lies midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the symphysis pubis. The common femoral artery gives off the profunda femoris artery and becomes the superficial femoral artery to descend along the anteromedial part of the thigh in the femoral triangle. It enters and passes through the adductor (subsartorial) canal, and becomes the popliteal artery as it passes through an opening in adductor magnus near the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the thigh. ==Structure== Its first three or four centimetres are enclosed, with the femoral vein, in the femoral sheath. The ''relations'' of the femoral artery are as follows: * ''Anteriorly:'' In the upper part of its course, it is superficial and is covered by skin and fascia. In the lower part of its course, it passes behind the sartorius muscle. * ''Posteriorly:'' The artery lies on the psoas, which separates it from the hip joint, the pectineus, and the adductor longus. The femoral vein intervenes between the artery and the adductor longus. * ''Medially:'' It is related to the femoral vein in the upper part of its course. * ''Laterally:'' The femoral nerve and its branches. The femoral artery gives off several ''branches'' in the thigh which include; * The ''superficial circumflex iliac artery'' is a small branch that runs up to the region of the anterior superior iliac spine. * The ''superficial epigastric artery'' is a small branch that crosses the inguinal ligament and runs to the region of the umbilicus. * The ''superficial external pudendal artery'' is a small branch that runs medially to supply the skin of the scrotum (or labium majus). * The ''deep external pudendal artery'' runs medially and supplies the skin of the scrotum (or labium majus). * The ''profunda femoris artery'' is a large and important branch that arises from the lateral side of the femoral artery about 1.5 in. (4 cm) below the inguinal ligament. It passes medially behind the femoral vessels and enters the medial fascial compartment of the thigh. It ends by becoming the fourth perforating artery. At its origin, it gives off the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries, and during its course it gives off three perforating arteries. * The ''descending genicular artery'' is a small branch that arises from the femoral artery near its termination within the adductor canal. It assists in supplying the knee joint. In clinical parlance, the part of the femoral artery proximal to the origin of profunda femoris is often termed the common femoral artery, while that distal to the origin of the profunda is termed the superficial femoral artery.〔Richard .S. Snell (2008), Clinical Anatomy By Regions, 8th edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, pages 581-582. http://books.google.co.zw/books?id=7SZWRe2OBlgC&pg=PA659&dq=clinical+anatomy+by+regions+lower+limb+femoral+artery&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3jQJVJT3Fs_daI-rgLgO&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAA〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「femoral artery」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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